And clashes occurred between the police and the students. With UNESCO adopting a resolution on 17 November 1999 proclaiming 21 February as international mother language day. As a result, East Pakistan could never be self- sufficient economically. Accordingly, the Students erected a 12-feet high Shaheed Minar in front of DMC. East Bengal became subjected to political discrimination immediately after the birth of the state of Pakistan. Muslim scholars and leaders logically believed that Urdu, only spoken by 7%, should be the lingua franca because it had gained a reputation as the cultural symbol of subcontinental Muslims. Prof. Abdul Ghafur : Language Movement occupies a most glorious chapter in the history of Bangladesh. Language Movement Day, also called State Language Day or Language Martyrs' Day, is a national holiday of Bangladesh taking place on 21 February each year and commemorating the Bengali language movement and its martyrs.On this day, people visit Shaheed Minars to pay homage to the movement's martyrs, and arrange seminars discussing and promoting Bengali as the state language of Bangladesh. The central leaders, including liaquat ali khan, prime minister of Pakistan, and khwaja nazimuddin, chief minister of East Bengal, opposed the motion. On September 2, 1947 some students of the University of Dhaka formed “Tomaddun Mojlish”, a cultural organization. We have created this site to establish social network among the people of the world. This proposal was also vehemently opposed. A strike was observed at Dhaka University on 30 January. • Since 1952, 21 February has been observed every year to commemorate the martyrs of the Language Movement. Major events in history have not only changed the world in significant ways, but they have also transformed the ways we speak. Today is International Mother Language Day that has its roots in the Bengali Language Movement in what was then East Pakistan and later Bangladesh. In such a situation, the Chief Minister Khwaja Nazimuddin met the Sangram Parishad on 15 March and signed an agreement with them. Many were injured and arrested. Although 56 percent of the people of Pakistan were Bengalis, the West Pakistani didn’t want Bengali to become the state language. The next day, 22 February, was also a day of public demonstrations and police reprisals. Dr. Shahidullah was proposed to be appointed for the purpose of introducing Arabic script. Among them abdus salam, a peon at the Secretariat, subsequently succumbed to his wounds. The movement achieved its goal by forcing the Pakistan Constituent Assembly in adopting both Bangla and Urdu as the state languages of Pakistan. Police opened fire on this rally too. As preparations for demonstrations were underway, the government imposed Section 144 in the city of Dhaka, banning all assemblies and demonstrations. At last, the Government of Nurul Amin adopted a resolution in the Provincial  Assembly to the effect that a proposal would be raised at the Constituent Assembly containing the demand to accord Bengali the status of one of the state languages of Pakistan. Bangladesh appeared on the world map as an independent country in 1971 after a nine-month war of liberation in which nearly one million people died. Language is most certainly a living thing, and wow, has it lived through a lot. Professor Abul Kashem, Dr. Qazi Motahar Hossain and Abul Mansur. Short History: When the Dominion of Pakistan was formed by the partition of India in 1947 The question as to what would be the state language of Pakistan was raised. In April 1949 the students of the Bengali Department, DU submitted a memorandum to Pakistan Education Advisory Board protesting against this objectionable proposal. The Language Movement began in 1948 and reached its climax in the killings of 21 February 1952, and ended in the adoption of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan. Formation of Purbo Bangla Bhasha Committee: On 9 March 1949 the Government of East Bengal formed the Purbo Bangla Bhasha Committee for reforming Bengali language. In reality, East Pakistan was politically neglected by Pakistan from the very beginning. With the political crisis, the economic condition in East Pakistan also deteriorated. In 1947, before the independence of Pakistan and India, a comment made by Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah, a respected Bengali linguist and scholar from Dhaka University, is thought to mark the beginning of the Bengali Language Movement. During the Pakistani rule, East Pakistan was subjected to severe economic disparity. Since 1952, 21 February has been observed every year to commemorate the martyrs of the Language Movement. The movement also reiterated the earlier demand that Bangla be declared one of the state languages of Pakistan and the official language of East Pakistan. Opinion was divided as to whether or not to violate Section 144. Our mission is to provide something special and authentic information. At one stage, the police opened fire. Mohammad Ali Zinnah on 21 March  1948                              Protest of the students. The police used tear gas to disperse the students. On 22 February: A big rally, came out on the street as a mark of protest. When the meeting started, the Vice-Chancellor, along with a few university teachers, came to the spot and requested the students not to violate the ban on assembly. Secondly, and more importantly, it provided a distinct identity to the Bangla speaking people of the Language campaigns. This declaration was instantly protested with the Language Movement spreading throughout East Pakistan. dhirendranath datta, a member from the East Pakistan Congress Party, moved an amendment motion to include Bangla as one of the languages of the Constituent Assembly. Majority of the Pakistani citizens (as of 1952), about 54% of the citizens, were Bengali.In the protest several students died for defending the Bengali language for themselves and for the future generations.. There was a growing sense of deprivation and exploitation in East Pakistan and a realisation that a new form of colonialism had replaced British imperialism. In 1952, Bengali students in East Pakistan rose up and protested against the Pakistani government for declaring Urdu as the national language. In memory of that, another Shaheed Minar was built later on the same site and that is the present Central Shaheed Minar. [Bashir Al Helal], http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Language_Movement&oldid=18198. We always try to gather updated news and try to share with you. Strikes were observed from 12 March to 15 March. Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed, a former Vice-Chancellor of the Aligarh University of India Suggested that “Urdu” Should be the state language of Pakistan. In 1963, the temporary structure was replaced by a concrete memorial, the shaheed minar (martyrs' memorial). Published in two installments in the Kolkata daily "Ittehad" on 22 and 29 June 1947, the article argued for Bangla as Pakistan's state language. Three young men, rafiq uddin ahmed, abdul jabbar and abul barkat (an MA student of Political Science) were fatally wounded. The constitution of Pakistan since its inception in 1947 faced challenges because of … After a lot of controversy over the language issue, the final demand from East Pakistan was that Bangla must be the official language and the medium of instruction in East Pakistan and for the central government it would be one of the state languages along with Urdu. On the same day, in a meeting of the students held at the Dhaka Medical College hostel, it was decided to build a Shaheed Minar. Under such circumstances the government had to give in. This page has been accessed 91,412 times. In October 1947, Tamuddun Majlis formed Rastrabhasha Sangram Parishad to give the Language Movement an organizational structure. TopperBD has been providing latest and authentic information of the current world since July,2017. On May 19, 2011 at a seminar organised jointly by the Sahitya Akademi and G.C. There is no doubt that the “language issue” did not prominently manifest in Bengal province before, during, after the general elections of either 1936-37 or 1945-46. But Awami League  did not form the government. Landslide victory in the provincial election in 1954 (out of 309 seats of the East Bengal Legislative Assembly the United Front got 236, the Muslim League 9), Reorganization of the Bangla Language  (1956), Reflection in educational conference (1962), Landslide victory in the general election (1970), Observed 21st February as an International, Observed 2008 as ‘Year of Language’ by UN, International Status of Bangla Language (Sierra Leone). The Language Movement is a very ... Pakistan started losing its case to remain united as one nation on 21stFebruary 1952. Ahmed were the authors of this booklet. But in the face of strong protest from the people of East Bengal, the Constituent Assembly postponed the discussion. The students then started throwing brickbats at the police, who retaliated with tear gas. A number of people and students including Jabbar, Rafiq, Barkat and Salam were martyred and many students and people were injured. Under these circumstances, the Language Movement got a new momentum in 1952. By this agreement, he agreed to release the arrested students, to investigate police excesses, to move a Bill in the Assembly for making Bengali a state language. Language Movement Even before the creation of Pakistan, there was a demand to make Bangla the national language. Announcement of Liaquat Ali Khan: In September 1950 The Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan declared in the Constituent Assembly that only Urdu would be the state language of Pakistan. This movement blossomed in 1952 after the police had killed some students who were participating in a rally on February 21 of that year. Bhasha Andolon (1947 - 1952) The question as to what would be the state language of Pakistan was raised immediately after its creation. Both Bangla and Urdu were thus enacted to be the state languages of Pakistan. Finally, Bengali was given the status of one of the state languages in the Constitution of Pakistan of 1956. On receipt of this information, East Pakistani students became agitated and held a meeting on the Dhaka University campus on 6 December 1947, demanding that Bangla be made one of the state languages of Pakistan. The Language Action Committee decided to call a hartal and organise demonstrations and processions on February 21 throughout East Pakistan. As a result, a wide gap was in the relation between East and West Pakistan. Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah defends Bangla as the state language on 29th July, 1947. The students were determined to violate Section144 and held a student meeting at 11.00 am on 21 February on the Dhaka University campus, then located close to the Medical College Hospital. Ethnic and socio-economicdiscrimination against Bengali people aggravated and agitations arose inEast Pakistan over sectional bias, neglect and insufficient allocation ofresources and national wealth. This declaration created a strong resentment and as a mark of protest a call for hartal throughout the province was given. Bengali language movement in 1952 Photo Source: Mukto Mona. Major Events of Language Movement: 1947: May 17: Muslim League leaders announced in Hyderabad, India, that Urdu will become the only State language of the future state of Pakistan. [Source: M.A. al., Bangladesher Itihas, P. 480]. This consciousness born out of the Language Movement inspired all the subsequent Movements and helped achieving the political, the cultural and the economic freedom leading to independence. As a result, Safiur Rahman was killed. No Bengali could be found in the high posts in the Defense Services as those posts were monopolized by the West Pakistanis. Meanwhile, serious preparation was being taken in various forums of the central government of Pakistan under the initiative of Fazlur Rahman, the central education minister, to make Urdu the only state language of Pakistan. Since 1952, 21 February has been observed every year to commemorate the martyrs of the Language Movement. In the general elections held on 7 December 1970, the Awami League acquired an absolute majority. A nine-year-old boy named Ohiullah was also killed. The question as to what would be the state language of Pakistan was raised immediately after its creation. He reiterated that Urdu would be the only state language of Pakistan. Proposed of introduction of Arabic script: In 1948, It is proposed that introduction of Arabic script, or Urdu letters for writing Bengali. It is an honour bestowed by the international community on the Language Movement of Bangladesh. Many injured persons were admitted to the hospital. For other uses, see |Language movemen... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. In a tense situation the students assembled in the campus. So, we wanted to share a few words we still use today that actually came about in … That rally was a resurgent challenge with its roots in an earlier phase of the Historical Background of 1952 Language Movement, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), mportance of Computers in the Business World, List of postal codes in Bangladesh(All Division), Thousands Of Failures But Thousands Of Patents, Eminent Islamic scholar and speaker Mizanur Rahman Azhari, XI CLASS ADMISSION SYSTEM SESSION 2020-2021, HSC results on 17 July 2019-check All board HSC/equivalent result, rivate university Ranking 2018 in Bangladesh, Importance of Computers in the Business World, Postal Zip Codes (postcode) for Rangpur Division. In the beginning, it was cultural movement, but gradually it took the form of a political movement. The representatives of various political and cultural organisations held a meeting on 31 January chaired by Moulana Bhasani. About two thirds of the foreign exchange of Pakistan was earned by selling the jute of East Pakistan. On the other hand, Urdu was the mother tongue of only 6 percent people of the whole of Pakistan. [Source: M.A. The first Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad (Language Action Committee) was formed towards the end of December with Professor Nurul Huq Bhuiyan of Tamaddun Majlish as the convener. 1952 Language Movement Day For most of us, February is the time where flowers get expensive, life-size teddy bears are everywhere, and production of chocolates is doubled or even tripled. From 1947 to 1958, among all the presidents of Pakistan, one was from East Pakistan who spoke in Urdu and among four Governors within 1955; one was from East Pakistan who spoke in Urdu. In administrative arena, within 1966, 77% 1st class jobs belonged to the west Pakistani whereas only 23% filled up by the East Pakistani, On the other hand, 74% for 2nd Class, 73% for 3rd Class and 70% for 4th Class jobs went to west Pakistan while remaining  were  for East Pakistan. al., Bangladesher Itihas, P. 479]]. But do we ... and a large number of Bengali students met on the University of Dhaka campus on 8 December 1947 to formally demand that Bangla be made an official language. The provincial government did not have any control over its currency and economy. Mohammad Toaha was severely injured while trying to snatch away a rifle from a policeman and had to be admitted to hospital. A movement is started in 1947 few months after the birth of Pakistan. To get something unique, stay with us. The language movement continued until 1956. 21 February: On 21 February, the students of Dhaka University in an organized way defied section 144 and leading a procession from the University campus proceeded towards the Provincial Assembly which was in session, chanting the slogan “Rashtrabhasha.Bangla Chai”. My … On 11 March 1948 a general strike was observed in the towns of East Pakistan in protest against the omission of Bangla from the languages of the Constituent Assembly, the absence of Bangla letters in Pakistani coins and stamps, and the use of only Urdu in recruitment tests for the navy. Khwaja Nazimuddin had succeeded Liaquat Ali Khan as prime minister of Pakistan. On 23 February, at the spot where students had been killed, a memorial was erected. For example, United Front got 236 seats out of 309 in the provincial election in 1954  but this government could not  continue more then two years. 25/07/2017 On the other hand, Urdu was the mother tongue of only 6 percent people of the whole of Pakistan (Census 1951). Both Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan were dead-Jinnah on 11 September 1948 and Liaquat Ali Khan on 16 October 1951. Dr. Shahidullah continued his efforts for protecting his mother tongue after independence and his principle stand on this issue added much confidence and legitimacy to language movement in both 1948 and 1952 phases. The headquarters of the three Defense Services were established in West Pakistan. The Language Movement is a unique event in the history of the political Movement of Bangladesh. The students and intellectuals of East Pakistan, however, demanded that Bangla be made one of the state languages. It has been suggested that the freedom … Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah defends Bangla as the state language on 29th July, 1947. But February is not just a celebration of love; it is also a celebration of the mother language—first language, mother tongue, native language—whatever you call it. The central leaders and the Urdu-speaking intellectuals of Pakistan declared that urdu would be the state language of Pakistan, just as Hindi was the state language of India. Formation of Tamuddin Majlish: On 15 September 1947 Tamuddun Majlis published the booklet on the Language Movement entitled ‘Pakistaner Rastrabhasha Bangla Na Urdu’. In this Conference the decision was taken to make Urdu the state language of Pakistan. He noted that out of the 6 crore 90 lakh population of Pakistan, 4 crore 40 lakh were from East Pakistan with Bangla as their mother tongue. Topper BD The people of East Pakistan started losing faith in the Muslim League. February 21 had been chosen as the State Language Day since the East Pakistan Provincial assembly was scheduled to sit on that day. The Awami League secured 167 seats out of 169 National Assembly seats in East Pakistan and won 288 out of 300 seats in the Provincial Assembly. Abdul Haque had written many more essays on Bangla language and Bengali nationalism during the 1948-1952 Language Movement. On 27 January 1952, Khwaja Nazimuddin came to Dhaka from Karachi. The Sangram Parishad raised the following demands regarding the question of language: Demand by Dhirendra Nath Dutta:  In February 1948 when the first Assembly of Pakistan started to record its proceedings in Urdu side by side with English, Dhirendra Nath Dutta of Comilla, a member of Assembly, protested against it and demanded that Bengali be accorded official recognition as one of the languages of the Constituent Assembly. Announcement of Muhammad Ali Jinnah: On 21 March 1948, Muhammad Ali Jinnah visited Dhaka and addressed a public meeting at the then Race Course Maidan. The Language Movement of 1952 was the first organized expression of the consciousness of the exploited and deprived masses of Bangladesh. Its main point was Bengali language. A meeting was held on the Dhaka University premises. It is an honour bestowed by the international community on the Language Movement of Bangladesh. Although the Movement reached its climax in February 1952, when police fired on the crowds of language activists at Dhaka, the Movement began in September 1947, within one month after the emergence of Pakistan as an independent state. On that day, Rastrabhasha Parishad submitted a memorandum to Muhammad Ali Jinnah. But in the evening of 24 February, police demolished this Shaheed Minar. Importance of Language movement in 1952 » The Language Movement is one of the most important days in our history. Newspapers such as the Azad also criticised of the politicians who had rejected the motion. The public performed a janaza (prayer service for the dead) and brought out a mourning procession, which was attacked by the police and the army resulting in several deaths, including that of a young man named Shafiur Rahman. The Language Movement of 1952 was the first organized expression of the consciousness of the exploited and deprived masses of Bangladesh. The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was in session at Karachi-then the capital of Pakistan-from 23 February 1948. In that meeting he declared, “Urdu and only Urdu shall be the state language of Pakistan”. Student leaders, including Abdul Matin and abdul malek ukil, also took part in the procession and picketing. Khwaja Nazimuddin signed an agreement with the student leaders. Unable to control the agitated students, the police fired upon the crowd of students, who were proceeding towards the Assembly Hall (at present, part of Jagannath Hall, University of Dhaka). It was decided that 11 March would be declared ‘Bengali Language Demand Day’. By the beginning of 1952, the Language Movement took a serious turn. Maulana Akram Khan was the President of this Committee. A brief history of the Bangla language movement Today we celebrate International Mother Language day. Rahim et. Form the very beginning, Pakistan had been following a policy of partition against East Pakistan. 144 Section:  On 20 February the Government of Nurul Amin, being scared of the student Movement imposed section 144 at 3 p.m., and banned the processions and the meetings. In the face of continuous student’s and people’s Movements the Pakistan Government was compelled to give Bengali the status of one of the state languages. An All-Party Central Language Action Committee was formed with Kazi Golam Mahboob as its convener. All-Party Rashtrabhasha Sangram Parishad and Protest on 11 March 1948: On 2 March 1948  formed the All-Party Rashtrabhasha Sangram Parishad. Gradually many other non-communal and progressive organisations joined the movement, which finally turned into a mass movement. Head offices of the State Bank and other banks, insurance companies, trading concerns and foreign missions were established in West Pakistan. In the army, 95 percent posts were held by the West Pakistanis and East Pakistan had a share of only 5 percent. HISTORY, OTHERS. Political, military, administrative and economic discrimination had been increasing gradually. It left deep impression on the minds of the younger generation of Bengalis and imbued them with the spirit of Bengali nationalism. A lifelong supporter of the mother language, he dedicated his services to acquiring the due recognition of Bangla language in the initial phase of the Language Movement in 1947 and later on as a lawmaker and as the President. Addressing a meeting at Paltan Maidan, he said that the people of the province could decide what would be the provincial language, but only Urdu would be the state language of Pakistan. On 23 February: the father of Shaheed Safiur Rahman formally inaugurated the Shaheed Minar. Bengali was the mother tongue of about 56 percent of the people of Pakistan. A new party, the Awami Muslim League-which would later become the awami league-was formed under the leadership of maulana abdul hamid khan bhasani in 1949. The milestone historic events towards the emergence of Bangladesh starting from 1952 to 1971. Language Movement began in 1948 and reached its climax in the killing of 21 February 1952, and ended in the adoption of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan. The language movement of 1948-1952, which was divided into two-stage movement. On September 2, 1947 some students of the University of Dhaka formed “Tomaddun Mojlish”, a cultural organization. While the security of East Pakistan was uncertain, the province was also subjected to serious discrimination in military matters. While the Assembly was debating on the language issue, Member Adel Uddin Ahmed (1913-1981; Faridpur) made an important amendment proposal, which was adopted unanimously by the Assembly (16 February 1956). However, although he agreed to a few terms and conditions, he did not comply with their demand that Bangla be made a state language. The Language Movement is a ... after the partition of 1947. On various pretexts the foreign exchange was also spent in West Pakistan. However, the students, under their leaders - Abdul Matin and gaziul haque - were adamant. The Samgram Parishad called a general strike on 11 March 1948 to resist the conspiracy of the Government in the language issue. When he repeated these words at the Dhaka University Convocation Ceremony held on 24 March at the Curzon Hall, the students protested vehemently by shouting ‘No, No’. Thus Bengali, in spite of being the language of the majority of the people of Pakistan, was ignored by the Pakistani ruling group as a state language which was a substantial discrimination against the people of East Pakistan. Welcome to Sadat's School YouTube channel. September 15, 1947 Tamuddun Majlis (Cultural Society, ... January 26, 1952 ... “The Language Movement added a new dimension to politics in Pakistan. On that day, many students were injured and many leaders including Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Shamsul Huq and Oli Ahad were arrested. With UNESCO adopting a resolution on 17 November 1999 proclaiming 21 February as international mother language day. The Bengali Language Movement (Bengali: ভাষা আন্দোলন Bhasha Andolôn) was a political movement in former East Bengal (renamed East Pakistan in 1956 and Bangladesh in 1971) advocating the recognition of the Bengali language as an official language of the then-Dominion of Pakistan in order to allow its use in government affairs, the continuation of its use as a medium of education, its use in media, currency and stamps, and to maintain its writing in the Bengali script. As the President of the East Pakistan Arabic Association, he also campaigned for Amidst processions, picketing and slogans, leaders such as Shawkat Ali, Kazi Golam Mahboob, Shamsul Huq, Oli Ahad, sheikh mujibur rahman, Abdul Wahed and others were arrested. Hearing the news of the shooting, some members of the Assembly, including maulana abdur rashid tarkabagish and some opposition members, went out and joined the students. Announcement of Liaquat Ali Khan: On 26 January 1952 at a public meeting in Dhaka, Khwaja Nazimuddin declared that Urdu would be the only state language of Pakistan. But the jute farmers could never get the fair price for their products. Plain Language Movement, a campaign to make writing easy to read, understand, and use; Language revitalization, attempts by interested parties to reverse the decline of a language that is endangered, moribund, or extinct; Linguistic purism, the practice of defining one variety of a language as being purer than other varieties A meeting of the Central Language Action Committee was held on 20 February under the chairmanship of abul hashim. On receiving the news that the motion had been rejected, students, intellectuals and politicians of East Pakistan became agitated. 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