GJ 1214b only 42 light years away would be an ideal candidate for a classical exoplanet. Recent measurements have shown its near-infrared transmission spectrum to be flat, pointing to a high-altitude opacity source in the exoplanet 's atmosphere, either equilibrium condensate clouds or photochemical hazes. Now GJ 1214b is in the news again, thanks to near-infrared spectra collected by the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide-Field Camera 3. If it is a water world, it could possibly be thought of as a bigger and hotter version of Jupiter's Galilean moon Europa. Wikipedia Report. GJ 1214b is located in the constellation Ophiuchus, some 40 light-years from us. This artist’s impression shows how the newly discovered super-Earth surrounding the nearby star GJ1214 may look. Discovered by the MEarth project and investigated further by the HARPS spectrograph on ESO’s 3.6-metre telescope at La Silla, GJ1214b is the second super-Earth exoplanet for which astronomers have determined the mass and radius, giving vital clues about its structure. GJ 1214b 3D GCM assuming a global mean surface pressure of 105 Pa and a surface albedo of 0.4. GJ 1214b has no land, but only oceans that stretch all over the surface. A new analysis detailing the atmosphere of GJ 1214b—a planet located about 40 light years from earth and one that researchers have studied since 2009—appeared in the March issue of The Astrophysical Journal. Although GJ 1214 has a low to moderate level of magnetic activity, it does undergo flares and is a source of X-ray emission with a base luminosity of 7.4 × 10 25 erg s −1. The planet GJ 1214b, shown here in an artist’s conception with two hypothetical moons, orbits a “red dwarf” star 40 light-years from Earth. From the size and period of its transit, astronomers deduced that GJ 1214b is 34,441.7 kilometres across, which is 2.7 times the diameter of Earth, and orbits its star every 38 hours at a distance of only two million kilometres (Earth is about 149.6 million kilometres from the Sun). The star is located at a distance of 40 light-years away in the Ophiuchus constellation. Du fait de sa proximité et de la petite taille de son étoile parent, GJ 1214b est en effet la super-Terre la plus facile à observer. According to Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics scientist and lead author Zachory Berta, "GJ1214b is like no planet we know of. POST. lincholn6echo. (WFC3 isn't a spectrometer per se, but its infrared channel has 15 different filters spaced between 1.1 and 1.7 microns.) GJ 1214b and the prospects for liquid water on super Earths - Volume 6 Issue S276 - Leslie A. Rogers, Sara Seager Its current location was too hot for icy-building blocks to exist in the protoplanetary disk where the planet was born. GJ 1214b: an unusual waterworld; GJ 1214b: an unusual waterworld. Abstract. Gj 1214b - The Waterworld. A large part of its mass consists of water much more than the earth but not comparable to our water. Planet GJ 1214 GJ 1214b orbiting a five times smaller than the mass of the Sun and a brightness of 300 times fainter. As a result, the internal structure of GJ 1214b would be extraordinarily different from that of our world. It orbits a red-dwarf star every 38 hours at a distance of 2 million kilometres, giving it an estimated temperature of 230 degrees Celsius. Marley et al. GJ 1214b yield a day-side equilibrium temperature of 660 K for redistribution of incident energy over the day-side only, and 555 K for efficient redistribution over the entire planet, if the planet’s Bond albedo is zero. We present three-dimensional atmospheric circulation models of GJ 1214b, a 2.7 Earth-radius, 6.5 Earth-mass super Earth detected by the MEarth survey. This planet 8. GJ 1214b: The Waterworld. Even more intriguing is that due to the temperature (being so close to its red dwarf star makes it around 450 degrees Fahrenheit) and extreme pressures, all that water gets a bit…exotic. GJ 1214b is about 2.7 times wider than Earth's but with a mass seven times higher. We explore cloudy, extended H2–He atmosphere scenarios for the warm super-Earth GJ 1214b using an optimal estimation retrieval technique. But both temperature and pressure are high to the point that water could exist on this planet in the form of a superfluid and hot ice! Case Study: Origins of Gas Layer on GJ 1214b. • GJ 1214b is the first super-Earth to have a potentially observable atmosphere with current instrumentation • Transmission spectroscopy of the planet’s atmosphere can break the degeneracy between interior composition models • Clouds can add additional complexity to the interpretation of GJ 1214b’s spectral signature. Une perspective d'importance alors que ce type de planètes reste largement méconnu. Despite the heat, high atmospheric pressure will stop the oceans of boiling. This suggests that GJ 1214b has much more water than Earth does, and much less rock. De plus, des études ont montré que les super-Terres comme GJ 1214b étaient sans doute les plus répandues dans la Voie lactée. The super-Earth GJ 1214b, which has 6.5 times the mass of our Earth, orbits its star once every 38 hours at a distance of only 1.3 million miles. This planet, orbiting an M4.5 star only 13 pc from the Earth, is of particular interest because it lies between the Earth and Neptune in size and may be a member of a new class of planet that is neither terrestrial nor gas giant. The surface temperature of the planet GJ 1214b reaches 232º Celsius. Although warm as an oven, it is still cooler than any other known transiting planet because it orbits a very dim star. The winds are westerly at the equator and easterly in the midlatitudes. 1214b is the most studied sub-Neptune exoplanet to date. Using the Hubble Space Telescope, U.S. astronomers discovered the planet GJ 1214b is shrouded by clouds and its temperature is caused by its nearby parent star. According to a 2012 study based on observations by the Hubble Space Telescope, GJ 1214 b is actually a massive water world encapsulated by a dense and steamy atmosphere. lincholn6echo. "GJ 1214b is like no planet we know of," Berta said. " For that reason, scientists have nicknamed the planet "the waterworld". A … According to study author Zachory Berta, then at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, in a press release, “GJ 1214b is like no planet we know of. Its density and enormous water reserves seem to confirm this. 2009) is the second known transiting super-Earth, and also the first such planet to likely posess significant gaseous envelope. It is much closer to its sun. Currently, water in GJ 1214b has a consistency that is very strange and will seem very familiar to us, as a result of high temperature and atmospheric pressure is great, the water will be more like hot ice thick or act more … case of exoplanet GJ 1214b, for which multiple ground-based and space-borne observations reveal a remarkably flat spectrum extending from visible to IR (see Angerhausen et al. In the end, the actual planet atmospheric composition depends on the interior composition of the planet, the mass and temperature of the planet, and the planet evolution. GJ. It is the most likely known candidate for being an ocean planet. GJ 1214b probably formed farther out from its star, where water ice was plentiful, and then migrated in to its current location long ago. The planet’s mass (6.6 M⊕) and radius (2.7 R⊕) imply a density that is too low to be explained by rock and water ice alone. GJ 1214b (Charbonneau et al. 2017, for an overview of available transit observations). Final score: 15 points. GJ 1214b has now become the world's hot with temperatures around 200 C (392 F) 7. Gliese 1214 b (often shortened to GJ 1214 b) is an exoplanet that orbits the star Gliese 1214, and was discovered in December 2009.Its parent star is 48 light-years from the Sun, in the constellation Ophiuchus.As of 2017, GJ 1214 b is the most likely known candidate for being an ocean planet. THREE POSSIBLE ORIGINS FOR THE GAS LAYER ON GJ 1214b. (d) Time averaged temperature on GJ 1214b on the 680 Pa level (about 62 km altitude) as-suming a global mean surface pressure of 105 Pa and a surface albedo of 0.4. In 2010, CfA scientist Jacob Bean and colleagues reported that they had measured the atmosphere of GJ 1214b, finding it likely that it was composed mainly of water. A structure of the low orbital exoplanet GJ 1214b is presumably interpreted as presence of a deep global ocean and H2-He atmosphere. The planet GJ 1214b is the second known super-Earth with a measured mass and radius. However a surface temperature of over 200 degrees Celsius plays against this. L. A. Rogers and S. Seager. The data seem to confirm that GJ 1214b has a very steamy atmosphere, thick with water vapor. GJ 1214b has a radius of about 2.7 times that of Earth and is about 6.5 times as massive, putting it squarely into the class of exoplanets known as super-Earths. GJ 1214b orbits the host star close to it, in contrast to Uranus and Neptune. But its toasty temperature is not what makes it strange. ExoClimes - Exeter - September 9, 2010 Eliza Kempton. Atmospheric studies are the next step toward developing a comprehensive understanding of this new class of object[4, 5, 6]. Astronomers estimate the planet¹s temperature to be about 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Discovered in 2009 , the planet is about 2.7 times Earth’s diameter and is almost 7 times as massive. Recent surveys have revealed that planets intermediate in size between Earth and Neptune (“super-Earths”) are among the most common planets in the Galaxy[1, 2, 3]. Image credit: CfA/David Aguilar . 2–He atmosphere scenarios for the warm super-Earth GJ 1214b using an optimal estimation retrieval technique. The temperature of the stellar corona is estimated to be about 3.5 × 10 6 K. Planetary system. Therefore, if GJ 1214b contains a significant amount of water, it is reasonable to think that the planet has experienced the orbital migration. Recent observations of the transiting super-Earth GJ 1214b reveal that its atmosphere may be hydrogen-rich or water-rich in nature, with clouds or hazes potentially affecting its transmission spectrum in the optical and very-near-IR. The Astrophysical Journal, 716:1208–1216, 2010 June 20. GJ 1214b Angela M. Zalucha (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Southwest Research Institute) Nikku Madhusudhan (Yale) Tim Michaels (Southwest Research Institute) The super-Earth GJ 1214b gravitational acceleration: 8.93 m s–2 radius: 2.678 R e distance from star: 0.01432 AU stellar flux at planet: 21519 W m–2 rotation period: 1.5803925 Earth days (synchronous) (Charbonneau et al. 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